Monthly Archives: April 2011

The Resolution Project Book Twenty-Six: The Day of the Locust (1939)

The Resolution Project: For my New Year’s resolution this year (that being 2011), I decided to try and read all one hundred of the novels picked by Time Magazine as the best since their inception in 1923 to the list’s publication in 2005. I exempted myself from reading ones I’ve already read, leaving some eighty-six or so to read before the end of this year. Some spoilers may lie ahead, so be warned.

“Being with her was like being backstage during an amateurish, ridiculous play. From in front, the stupid lines and grotesque situations would have made him squirm with annoyance, but because he saw the perspiring stagehands and the wires that held up the tawdry summerhouse with its tangle of paper flowers, he accepted everything and was anxious for it to succeed … [s]he was an actress who had learned from bad models in a bad school.” (p.65)

The Day of the Locust cover

This was a fun little book packed with meaning and metaphor. Recent transplant Tod Hackett is a painter making a living in Hollywood during the Great Depression. While he’d rather be working on his magnum opus, a huge painting called “The Burning of Los Angeles”, he pays for his sad little apartment in the San Bernadino Arms by designing costumes and sets for the movies, all the while nursing a crush on his neighbour Faye Greener, a 17-year old aspiring starlet. His pursuit of her affection will lead him through the dregs of Hollywood, through whorehouses and cock-fights, culminating in a riot outside a movie premiere.

If I had to pick one of the books I’ve read so far on The Resolution Project, this one reminded me most of number twelve, Christopher Isherwood’s The Berlin Stories. Both books share an interest in other peoples’ sordid stories and shady rooming houses, and while Tod Hackett is mildly more of a character than Bradshaw/Isherwood by the virtue of him having an ambition in life (even if that ambition is first to possess, then when that fails, rape Faye), they’re both pretty much silent protagonists. While this works great in video games (see Chrono from Chrono Trigger and Gordon Freeman from the Half-Life games), if you want to use this device in a novel, you need to populate the world with some other strong characters to make up for the lack, which West does here, to a certain extent at least. There’s a large assortment of interesting types, vaudevillians, cowboys and Eskimos among them, who at least provide interesting juxtaposition against the stolid main character.

The Day of the Locust‘s Hollywood and environs feels almost post-apocalyptic, filled with oddities left there by a film industry ravenous for the outlandish and strange and new; at one point Tod compares cast-off film sets to a painting of the Sargasso Sea, and this metaphor can easily be transferred to the rest of the book’s cast. What these people bring to L.A. is a sense of globalization come early, and their transplanted architecture rings phony against the look of the area. This definitely put me in mind of the fine essay film from a few years back, Thom Andersen’s Los Angeles Plays Itself, which is all about discussing how the city is portrayed in film, and how it seems from the outside looking in to lack much in the way of its own identity (Andersen is very persuasive in his argument against Hollywood’s co-opting of the city). It’s one of those movies I think back on often, as it’s fucking great.

Some of the best quotes from the book are remarking on the outsides of things, and how things look has become pointless, a signifier without anything to be signified. By means of example, here’s Tod traversing a movie studio in search of a recreation of the Battle of Waterloo, for a film he believes Faye is working on:

“From the steps of the temple, he could see in the distance a road lined with Lombardy poplars. In was the one on which he had lost the cuirassiers. He pushed his way through a tangle of briars, old flats and iron junk, skirting the skeleton of a Zeppelin, a bamboo stockade, an adobe fort, the wooden horse of Troy, a flight of baroque palace stairs that started in a bed of weeds and ended against the branches of an oak, part of the Fourteenth Street elevated station, a Dutch windmill, the bones of a dinosaur, the upper half of the Merrimac, a corner of a Mayan temple, until he finally reached the road.” (p.105)

The book is also spot-on when it comes to the culture of celebrity, and how easily it turns into mud-slinging and hate. There’s a lovely sequence later on when Tod sees a mass of people waiting to see stars exit their cars at a movie premiere, and he talks about how these peoples’ lives have led them to this state, to care only for famous people and to perversely wish for them to be struck down. While he was describing people who live in Hollywood primarily, you only need to look at the checkout line at the grocery store to see that this is basically our culture’s primary mode nowadays. So while the book possesses little in the way of characterization outside of some stock tropes (including, again like Isherwood, a potential ancestor of the modern day Magic Pixie Dream Girl archetype that haunts modern romantic movies in the person of Faye) it’s more of a comment on a city whose primary export is dreams, and primary import is people to leach those dreams out of. Definitely worth a read.

The List:

1. The Adventures of Augie March

2. All the King’s Men

3. American Pastoral

4. An American Tragedy

5. Animal Farm (read before 2011)

6. Appointment in Samarra

7. Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret

8. The Assistant

9. At Swim-Two-Birds

10. Atonement (read before 2011)

11. Beloved

12. The Berlin Stories

13. The Big Sleep (read before 2011)

14. The Blind Assassin

15. Blood Meridian

16. Brideshead Revisited

17. The Bridge of San Luis Rey

18. Call It Sleep

19. Catch-22 (read before 2011)

20. The Catcher in the Rye (read before 2011)

21. A Clockwork Orange

22. The Confessions of Nat Turner

23. The Corrections

24. The Crying of Lot 49 (read before 2011)

25. A Dance to the Music of Time (1st Movement)

26. The Day of the Locust

Total pages read since January 1st: 6185 pp.

Next up on the Resolution Project: Henry Roth’s Call it Sleep (1935)

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The Resolution Project Book Twenty-Three: The Corrections (2001)

The Resolution Project: For my New Year’s resolution this year (that being 2011), I decided to try and read all one hundred of the novels picked by Time Magazine as the best since their inception in 1923 to the list’s publication in 2005. I exempted myself from reading ones I’ve already read, leaving some eighty-six or so to read before the end of this year. Some spoilers may lie ahead, so be warned.

“God had given her the imagination to weep for the sad strivers who booked the most el-cheapo “B” Deck inside staterooms on a luxury cruise ship; but a childhood without money had left her unable to stomach, herself, the $300 per person it cost to jump one category up; and so she wept for herself. She felt that she and Al were the only intelligent people of her generation who had managed not to become rich.” (p.333)

The Corrections cover

This was a fantastic novel that deftly balanced humor, existential depression and a real sense of how families work. The Lamberts are a family undone. Enid and Al, the mother and father, live in the town of St. Jude, located somewhere in the American Midwest-wasteland. Their children have left them and moved to bigger cities, becoming a fund manager, a high-class chef and a college professor. From the outside, one would think the two generations have little in common; when allowed access to the interior monologues and home lives, though, we see that the apples barely even bounced off the tree as they fell. Enid’s one fervent wish is to have her family home for Christmas, but who knows what’ll be left of each of the family members as the holiday rolls around.

As I said before, this book is masterfully done. Coming from the DeLillo-Pynchon postmodern school, this takes tropes like paranoia and searching for identity in the modern world and throws them into a setting that isn’t as alienating as is the norm. Jonathan Franzen melds the postmodern to a post-familial state, as each of the Lambert family members has very good reasons to get the hell out of St. Jude, and maybe only one possible reason to stay. I loved how each family member (in addition to Enid and Al, there’s sons Gary and Chip, and daughter Denise) shares very similar internal dialogues with anxiety and mental illness, but framed differently based on their own histories and points of view. Where Gary sees his brain chemicals as being like stocks traded in the marketplace, Denise’s anxiety about various infidelities manifests itself as the texture and flavours she works with every day writ large, as tongues that take the place of every surface.

The book also demonstrates, in harrowing detail, what it must be like to slide into dementia and Alzheimers, in the form of Al’s battle to stay alive and sane (or at least vaguely functioning). His war against an anthropomorphic “turd” that bedevils him at night is almost as good as, say, the epic tale of Byron the Bulb in Gravity’s Rainbow. The second-to-last sequence, the apocalyptic Christmas celebration, haunts me right now, as one of the most depressing things I’ve read in a while (and considering what I’ve been reading for fun this year, that’s saying something.)

Here’s what Time’s Lacayo had to say about it: http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1951793_1951939_1952267,00.html. I’d like to say more about the book, but I feel I’d ruin its pleasures by not letting you experience them on your own.

The List:

1. The Adventures of Augie March

2. All the King’s Men

3. American Pastoral

4. An American Tragedy

5. Animal Farm (read before 2011)

6. Appointment in Samarra

7. Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret

8. The Assistant

9. At Swim-Two-Birds

10. Atonement (read before 2011)

11. Beloved

12. The Berlin Stories

13. The Big Sleep (read before 2011)

14. The Blind Assassin

15. Blood Meridian

16. Brideshead Revisited

17. The Bridge of San Luis Rey

18. Call It Sleep

19. Catch-22 (read before 2011)

20. The Catcher in the Rye (read before 2011)

21. A Clockwork Orange

22. The Confessions of Nat Turner

23. The Corrections

24. The Crying of Lot 49 (read before 2011)

Total pages read since January 1st: 6002 pp.

Next up on the Resolution Project: Nathanael West’s The Day of the Locust (1939)

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The Resolution Project Book Twenty-Two: The Confessions of Nat Turner (1967)

The Resolution Project: For my New Year’s resolution this year (that being 2011), I decided to try and read all one hundred of the novels picked by Time Magazine as the best since their inception in 1923 to the list’s publication in 2005. I exempted myself from reading ones I’ve already read, leaving some eighty-six or so to read before the end of this year. Some spoilers may lie ahead, so be warned.

“I had for going on to several years now considered the necessity of exterminating all the white people in Southampton County and as far beyond as destiny carried me, and there was thus available to me more time than I had ever had to ponder the Bible and its exhortations, and to think over the complexities of the bloody mission that was set out before me.” (p.48)

Cover of the The Confessions of Nat Turner

This book took a while to get going, but once it did, it was pretty gripping. As the story opens, Nat Turner is sitting in a Virginia jail cell waiting for his certain death. His state-appointed attorney, Gray, asks him to dictate all of the actions and events that led to his bloody uprising, which was to be the biggest sustained slave revolt in the history of the United States (this was an actual document by the way, used by author William Styron as the starting point for his narrative). Gray takes that narrative and argues it in court, but we as readers are privy to the version of events as Nat himself would have laid them out. The novel goes over most of the young man’s life, becoming both an indictment of the South’s “peculiar institution” as well as a detailed character study of a man who believed angels told him to murder every white person in Southampton County.

In his afterword to the book, Styron notes that while he was initially critically lauded for the book, eventually it became held up as being a racist and misleading work. Which is a little strange to me, but it does seem a little weird for a white author to try and tackle what most people would consider to be a quintessentially black story. I felt he was pretty successful though, given the scarcity of primary sources dealing with Turner. I haven’t read the real confession booklet (which was apparently a huge seller back in the day, as Turner’s rebellion scared the slave-owning states absolutely shitless, and with good reason), but then again, I didn’t really have a bias either way going into it.

To be honest, actually, the historical figure that Nat Turner as presented to us in this text actually reminded me most a Canadian man, Métis leader and Father of Confederation Louis Riel. Riel, like Turner, also used his religious conviction and personal magnetism to essentially wage war, his of course being the Red River Rebellion of 1869. I thought Styron did a great job of getting us into the headspace of a religious zealot, which is something I don’t really have too much knowledge about. I really liked the scenes when Turner has visions of how to decimate the white population, an idea imparted to him by armored angels (not to mention days spent fasting in a forest, those helped too).

Styron also does a great job setting up the social-economic and religious conditions that drove Turner into a life of nigh-celibacy. His vaguely-privileged status on the farm of his first owner plus the emphasis on religion delivered by only really having a bible to read most of the time, it really makes sense why the furtive sexual encounters he has over the years are awkward and weird. He’s all twisted up inside, and this makes his only confirmed murder during the rebellion have an additional emotional power (I’m not going to tell you why though, go read the book to find out!)

Here’s what Time’s Richard Lacayo has to say about the book: http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1951793_1951939_1952251,00.html. This is a pretty challenging book for a great number of reasons, but it’s definitely worth seeking out if the themes of slavery, religion and violence sound up your alley.

The List:

1. The Adventures of Augie March

2. All the King’s Men

3. American Pastoral

4. An American Tragedy

5. Animal Farm (read before 2011)

6. Appointment in Samarra

7. Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret

8. The Assistant

9. At Swim-Two-Birds

10. Atonement (read before 2011)

11. Beloved

12. The Berlin Stories

13. The Big Sleep (read before 2011)

14. The Blind Assassin

15. Blood Meridian

16. Brideshead Revisited

17. The Bridge of San Luis Rey

18. Call It Sleep

19. Catch-22 (read before 2011)

20. The Catcher in the Rye (read before 2011)

21. A Clockwork Orange

22. The Confessions of Nat Turner

Total pages read since January 1st: 5393 pp

Next up on the Resolution Project: Jonathan Franzen’s The Corrections (2001)

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The Resolution Project Book Twenty-One: A Clockwork Orange (1963)

The Resolution Project: For my New Year’s resolution this year (that being 2011), I decided to try and read all one hundred of the novels picked by Time Magazine as the best since their inception in 1923 to the list’s publication in 2005. I exempted myself from reading ones I’ve already read, leaving some eighty-six or so to read before the end of this year. Some spoilers may lie ahead, so be warned.

“As I slooshied, my glazzies tight shut to shut in the bliss that was better than any synthemesc Bog or God, I knew such lovely pictures. There were vecks and ptitsas, both young and starry, lying on the ground screaming for mercy, and I was smecking all over my rot and grinding my boot in their litsos. And there were devotchkas ripped and creeching against walls and I was plunging like a shlaga into them, and indeed when the music, which was one movement only, rose to the top of its big highest tower, then, lying there on my bed with glazzies tight shut and rookers behind my gulliver, I broke and spattered and cried aaaaaaah with the bliss of it. And so the lovely music glided to its glowing close.” (p.25)

Here’s a book that many people I know were surprised I hadn’t read before for whatever reason. Of the books I’ve read so far on the Resolution Project, this one’s probably the best known, although less so for Anthony Burgess’ actual text and mostly for the fantastic film adaptation helmed by Stanley Kubrick in 1971. 15-year old Alex lives in a dystopian future, where gangs populated by “droogs” rule the streets like barbarians, raping and pillaging their way through a terrified populace every night. After a night out that ends in a horrific murder and Alex’s subsequent betrayal by his cohorts, he is sentenced to a long prison sentence, of which he serves only two years before getting out upon being subjected to the horrific “Ludovico” rehabilitory technique. The toughest part about this experimental drug/video stimulation treatment is not the things he’s forced to see, no it’s the fact that the scientists use his beloved classical music during these scenes, taking away from Alex the only thing that made him close to being a human being.

A Clockwork Orange movie poster

I enjoyed this book far more than I thought I would. I first saw the movie years ago, and I admired it for its audacity (not to mention for its being my first taste of the Kubrick oeuvre) and message. I watched it again this week to get back into the frame of reference, and while it’s not what you would call a fun film, there’s a few bits of levity in Malcolm McDowell’s full-body performance and excellent oratory skills. The book, however, I found to be a lot more entertaining, much more so than other great dystopian works like George Orwell’s 1984, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World or Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451. What endeared me to it was a combination of the language used throughout, as well as the style of narration provided by Alex (both of which are things I liked about the movie too, to a lesser extent).

Malcolm McDowell as Alex

Burgess, the introduction by Blake Morrison tells me, drew upon the conflicts he saw between the English “Teddy boy” and “Mod” teen subcultures of the day for some inspiration, but a lot of it also sprang from his fertile imagination. The lovely “nadsat” patois that Alex and his droogs speak throughout I found to be a fun puzzle, as my copy did not have a glossary (in addition to trimming the last chapter, the first American version had one). And to be quite honest, you don’t need it at all. Passages like the one quoted above are a little tough to get through at first, but once you start figuring out the lingo, you can just sit back and be entertained by the intricate wordplay. Nadsat (there’s a dictionary here, if you want to be a spoilsport, or if you just want to check it out) is a combination of cockney rhyming slang, Russian and even some Elizabethan English at times. It’s strange, but the constant usage of this made up language throughout made me like the book more than some other attempts to replicate the way people spoke in a certain era (I’m looking at you, here, Beloved), due to the fact that I’ve never heard anyone talk like that before, and it doesn’t read as a clumsy way to replicate a dialect I could do more efficiently in my head.

I’m also quite fond of Alex’s narration. He’s a charming asocial monster, who continually refers to himself as “your humble Narrator”, and to the readership at large as “my brothers.” While he does indeed do some incredibly reprehensible shit, you’ve kind of got to enjoy his joie de vivre, and even begin to empathize with him after the State is through fucking with his “gulliver.” Again, the use of nadsat as opposed to our language helps to this end, Burgess himself (in the intro) saying that it serves as a barrier between us as readers and the violence perpetrated by Alex. Had everything been described to us in modern English, I feel the book would have been closer to a Cormac McCarthy nihilism-festival of horrors (one of the big difficulties I have been having with Blood Meridian), but in nadsat, the reader is able to catch himself enjoying the spectacle at times. You then have to reflect on why violence is entertaining, letting you briefly glimpse the droog that lives inside us all.

In this Canadian election year, the way Burgess-by-way-of-Alex looks at politics is especially important and eerily prescient. Alex’s treatment at the hands of Dr. Brodsky becomes a bit of a cause celebre after his release, which makes you think about how our current Conservative government likes to view itself as “tough on crime” as seen in this passage:

“This gazetta I had seemed to be a Government gazetta, for the only news that was on the front page was about the need for every veck to make sure he put the Government back in again on the next General Election, which seemed to be about two or three weeks off. There were very boastful slovos about what the Government had done, brothers, in the last year or so, what with increased exports and a real horrorshow foreign policy and improves social services and all that cal. But what the Government was really boastful about was the way in which they reckoned the streets had been made safer for all peace-loving night-walking lewdies in the last six months, what with better pay for the police and the police getting like tougher with young hooligans and perverts and burglars and all that cal. Which interessovated Your Humble Narrator some deal.” (p.98)

To me, this sounds much like, say, my hometown rag the Edmonton Sun espousing wise on how the Conservative government has done such a good job governing me in the past few years, and how if I’d like to stave off the complete and utter annihilation of everything I hold dear I’d better fucking vote for them or else the Commie-Pinko-Terrorist Internationalista will win. But I digress. What Burgess implies throughout A Clockwork Orange is that the Government doesn’t really mind the likes of Alex and his ilk running around causing havoc, as it provides easy talking points with which to appeal to the “law and order” vote. This is a lot like Orwell’s revolving door adversaries of Eurasia and Eastasia in 1984, which also keep the populace in a general state of heightened awareness of everything but their overlords. In fact, the most disturbing part of Burgess’ novel is that some of the films Alex is subjected to during the Ludovico Technique sequence are real depictions of violence and rape, with the implication that the Government either set up those events or just let them happen without interference.

Overall, even though it has been unfairly shadowed by the equally excellent film adaptation, which cut off the book’s true ending (where Alex realizes his barbaric ways are in fact a part of growing up, albeit a little extreme), A Clockwork Orange is a fantastically potent book, even more relevant today than when it was originally published.

The List:

1. The Adventures of Augie March

2. All the King’s Men

3. American Pastoral

4. An American Tragedy

5. Animal Farm (read before 2011)

6. Appointment in Samarra

7. Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret

8. The Assistant

9. At Swim-Two-Birds

10. Atonement (read before 2011)

11. Beloved

12. The Berlin Stories

13. The Big Sleep (read before 2011)

14. The Blind Assassin

15. Blood Meridian

16. Brideshead Revisited

17. The Bridge of San Luis Rey

18. Call It Sleep

19. Catch-22 (read before 2011)

20. The Catcher in the Rye (read before 2011)

21. A Clockwork Orange

Total pages read since January 1st: 4964 pp

Next up on the Resolution Project: William Styron’s The Confessions of Nat Turner (1967)

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The Resolution Project Book Seventeen: The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1927)

The Resolution Project: For my New Year’s resolution this year (that being 2011), I decided to try and read all one hundred of the novels picked by Time Magazine as the best since their inception in 1923 to the list’s publication in 2005. I exempted myself from reading ones I’ve already read, leaving some eighty-six or so to read before the end of this year. Some spoilers may lie ahead, so be warned.

“He divided the inhabitants of this world into two groups, into those who had loved and those who had not. It was a horrible aristocracy, apparently, for those who had no capacity for love (or rather for suffering in love) could not be said to be alive and certainly would not live again after their death.” (p.83)

The Bridge of San Luis Rey cover

What a fantastic book, you can really see why it won Wilder the Pulitzer Prize in 1928. It actually took me far more time to parse my thoughts about it afterwards than it did to actually read the book itself, for it packs quite a wallop. It is 1714 in the Spanish colony of Peru when Brother Juniper, a Franciscan monk living amongst the native people in an attempt to convert them to Catholicism, witnesses the collapse of the San Luis Rey bridge, and the deaths of five people in the midst of crossing it. Eager to prove to his flock the ideas of Divine Providence and the plan God has for everyone on Earth, Juniper sets out to uncover the histories of all five of the bridge’s victims to find out why they had been chosen to die this day. Juniper’s findings are relayed to the reader through four short sections detailing the lives and loves of the five unfortunate souls who fell off the bridge, and they present a far more nuanced version than would really suit his purpose.

Maybe it was the South American locale the book takes place in, but the writer that Wilder most reminded me of here was Jorge Luis Borges. To me, both men share a humanist approach to their characters, as well as a reverence for texts that exist within the world of the book; with Juniper’s assessment of each person’s life forming the main part of the narrative, there are also notes on the Marquesa de Montemayor’s letters to her daughter in Spain, and how they have been studied intensely over the years (the Marquesa is the first of the victims claimed by the bridge to be examined). I love that “intra”-textuality feel, it’s something that has been brought up numerous times on the list, and will doubtlessly be done again.

The quote that preceded this article comes from the last of the people profiled, Uncle Pio, a sort of svengali-figure for the Perichole, a famous actress and singer who really lived at the time the book takes place. I think it is a good way of qualifying Wilder’s outlook on humanity as opposed to Juniper’s insistence on the existence of a divine plan. Rather than the sinners and saints, the preterite and the elect, Wilder feels that the life spent in interaction with other people is the one worth celebrating, the ones who have loved and been loved in return, and have felt heartache. They are the ones who have truly lived. Another book that The Bridge of San Luis Rey put me in mind of was Orson Scott Card’s Speaker for the Dead, which also deals with how best to examine the entirety of someone’s life. In both books, the main character acts almost like a detective, bringing together all the strands of a dead man’s life in order to paint a picture that is not completely flattering, but humanist, none the less.

Here’s what Richard Lacayo had to say about the book: http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1951793_1951936_1952234,00.html

Just a marvelous book overall.

The List:

1. The Adventures of Augie March

2. All the King’s Men

3. American Pastoral

4. An American Tragedy

5. Animal Farm (read before 2011)

6. Appointment in Samarra

7. Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret

8. The Assistant

9. At Swim-Two-Birds

10. Atonement (read before 2011)

11. Beloved

12. The Berlin Stories

13. The Big Sleep (read before 2011)

14. The Blind Assassin

15. Blood Meridian

16. Brideshead Revisited

17. The Bridge of San Luis Rey

18. Call It Sleep

19. Catch-22 (read before 2011)

20. The Catcher in the Rye (read before 2011)

Total pages read since January 1st: 4823 pp

Next up on the Resolution Project: Anthony Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange (1963)

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